A study at the University of Buffalo in New York has identified a compound that might be useful in treating cocaine addiction and preventing relapse by those who have quit using the drug.
The study examined a compound called RO5263397. That compound targets something in the brain called a “trace amine associated receptor 1,” known as TAAR 1. Researchers believe TAAR 1 can reduce the activity of dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical released by nerve cells in order to send signals to other nerve cells. It increases feelings of euphoria and results in increased energy and higher mental alertness. Cocaine blocks the re-absorption of dopamine into the brain’s nerve cells, prolonging its stimulating effect. In targeting TAAR 1, RO5263397 in effect reduces the sensation of pleasure that cocaine provides.
The study, which was conducted on animals, “provides strong evidence that this may be a novel lead compound for treating cocaine addiction, for which no effective medications exist,” according to a statement from the University of Buffalo.
Cocaine, a white powder taken from the leaves of the coca plant, can be snorted, injected or smoked in the form of “crack cocaine.” It has side effects including depression and anxiety, fatigue, nightmares, headaches and muscle and stomach cramps. Frequent use of cocaine can cause chest pains, respiratory failure, strokes and heart disease. When consumed with alcohol, it sometimes can result in death.
